Wednesday 7 May 2014

Material Group Research: Pinus Radiata

Material: Pinus Radiata


List the main manufacturing brands of this material in the New Zealand construction sector:

A comprehensive list can be found here: http://www.pine.net.nz/members-topmenu-21
The timber can often be felled,sized and treated by a series of companies, however some of the major parties include:

  McAlpines (Largest privately owned)
  Tenco (Major Exporter)
  Lumberlink (Timber networking 'middleman')
  Arbor Resources Ltd 
  Niagara
  Northland Timber Co. Ltd
  Pine Sawmills NZ Ltd

List the main uses/forms of this material in building construction:

  Timber framing (Including walls, roofs, and window and door frames). 

  Decks, floors, and other in home surfaces.

Of what and/or how is it made in it's general use/form?

1.            Pinus Radiata trees are grown for the purpose of being used for timber.
2.            Trees felled and stripped of branches etc on site. (More trees are then planted.)
3.            After being transported to a sawmill the trunks are rough sawn and graded.
4.            Timber is cut to an appropriate size and stacked so it can effectively dry.
5.            Timber is placed within a kiln to dry.
6.            Once dry the timber is finished (sawn smooth and put through thicknesser) cutting it down again to it's 'final' size.
7.            At this stage the timber may be dressed and/or treated.
8.            Distribution to building sites, hardware stores etc.

Where does it come from?

Within New Zealand Pinus Radiata is typically sourced from regional forests. A lot of our timber is also exported internationally.

What is it ‘good’ for?

Wood is one of the most renewable and sustainable building materials. The cycle of planting and harvesting of plantation forests results in the removal and storage of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This helps make timber an environmentally friendly choice for anyone concerned about his or her carbon footprint.


Additionally because of how easily Pinus Radiata can be worked, it's form can be constantly changed or it can be reused. This is important in the framing of houses, allowing modifications and extensions a viable and efficient option. When used in construction 'soft' timbers also allow the building to flex, which is advantageous in earthquakes.

What is it ‘bad’ for?

  Does not last as long as other framing materials, susceptible to rot. 
  Not weather proof unless treated. 
  Prone to termites and bora. 
  Warps with heat or moisture.

Diagram the ‘normal’ lifecycle of 3 uses of this material:

When used for house framing:
1.            Pinus Radiata tree.
2.            Processed into timber.
3.            Built into house as framing. (Walls, ceiling, and window and door frames.)
4.            House demolished/dissasembled
5.            Window and door frames reused, along with unbroken framing. Any broken timber is either dumped or recycled into woodchip. (Sometimes this woodchip is further processed into products such as MDF, woodfire pallets, or mulch)
6.            Timber that has been recycled reused restarts cycle.

When used for wood pallets:
1.            Pinus Radiata tree.
2.            Processed into timber.
3.            Built into wood pallets.
4.            Pallets used for purpose.
5.       Once the pallets are needed they are often used for firewood, however many are recycled into woodchip. ( Though  pallets can sometimes be upcycled into furniture and temporary outdoor structures like every second bar in Christchurch.)
6.            Carbon dioxide created by burning the timber removed from the atmosphere by Pinus Radiata trees.

When used for MDF furniture:
1.            Pinus Radiata trees.
2.            Smaller pieces of wood that cannot be made into timber are turned into woodchip.
3.            Processed into MDF.
4.            Used to make poor quality furniture. (Such as the cubes found at the 'House of Ware')
5.            Broken within a week.
6.            Dumped.

What could be used as an alternative in these 3 instances?

  Steel could be used for house framing.
  Pallets can also be made of plastic or cardboard (Though cardboard is still a product of wood.)
  Furniture can be made from almost anything, including plastics metals and alternative wood products.

Discuss recent innovations to improve the environmental rating of this material?

The environmental rating of Pinus Radiata is almost entirely dependant on the processing of the wood as, on it's own, it is environmentally friendly. The ill effects are seen in its treatment and the 'carbon-miles' required in transporting it. Reducing the 'carbon-miles' is simply a matter of sourcing locally grown and processed timber. The problem occurs in determining the chemicals needed in order to treat the wood so it is suitable for the required conditions. Woods have a good environmental rating as they are reusable, however this is not always realised. Growing awareness of this fact needs to be raised so that houses and other products can be recycled. However the timber should be recycled in a way that reduces additional required energy and added chemical such as in the case of MDF.

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